| Space C3 Standards Constance Golden (Loral Space & Range Systems) |
Communications Protocols Adrian Hooke (NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory) |
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Data Compression Standard Nicholas Beser (John Hopkins Applied Physics Lab) |
Space Launch Systems Standards Todd Mosher (General Dynamics) |
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Serviceable Spacecraft Standards Wally McCoy (US SPACECOM/J4L) |
Orbital Debris Standards Pamela Meredith (Space Conform) |
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Consortium for Space Standards Lt. Col. M. Schultz (USAF SMC) |
Software Reliability Standards Ted Keller (International Business Machines) |
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Space Automation and Robotics Standards Margaret Clarke (Rockwell International) |
Communication Satellite Standards Neil Helm (George Washington University) |
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Sensing System Standards Ed Koenig (ITT Aerospace) |
Open Systems Environment for Imminent Acquisitions John Stanton (DISA/JIEO) |
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Global Space System Standards Lawrence Enomoto (NOAA/NESDIS) |
ISO TC20 Activities Harry Sheetz (AIAA) |
Thursday morning, industry representatives presented their views on space standards. Thomas Coffey (TRW), in a talk entitled "Some thoughts on Needed Standards for Interchangeability of Space Systems," gave an example of replacing a gyro in an existing spacecraft design. Due to a lack of standards, the redesign and cost were very high. He recommended that component interfaces be standardized to facilitate interchangeability.
Lawrence Scholz (Martin Marietta) presented "Spacecraft Standards: What are they and Why are they Doing this to Me?" He discussed the problems of balancing needed standards with increased cost by excessive standardization. Engineers need guidance on the abundance of standards. He concluded that standards should avoid regulation and the reduction of design options. "Standards must be a positive force to reduce costs and still allow competition and innovation."
Jerry Bates (Loral Infrared & Imaging Systems), in "Standards from a Program Perspective," emphasized the problems associated with the average age of standards, as compared to technology changes. He also cited the difficulties in standardizing "behavior," as well as the programmatic issues raised by the need to certify compliance.
Pierre Madon (Intelsat) discussed "Space Standards: Intelsat Experience." He listed areas in which he thought space standards were appropriate: spacecraft structural design; launch vehicle interfaces; spacecraft testing; telemetry, tracking, and command requirements; electronics hardware worst case analysis; space debris restrictions; parts selection; propulsion thruster testing; end-of-mission satellite de-orbit; electrostatic discharge; and total dose radiation degradation.
Jill Stern (International Small Satellite Organization) spoke on "Small Satellite Needs for Standardization." She represents a consortium of small commercial satellite organizations. She talked about their business needs, not technical issues. Finally, Robert Bennett (GTE SpaceNet) concluded the morning session with "Space Standards for SpaceNet."
Thursday afternoon the workshop broke into five parallel working groups: Software Reliability Standards, Sensing Systems Standards, Data Compression Standards, Serviceable Spacecraft Standards, and C3 Standards.
The DACS is participating in the AIAA SBOS COS Software Reliability Working Group. This working group has already produced a standard on software reliability for the AIAA and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The working group is currently in the process of populating a software reliability database.
The American National Standard Recommended Practice for Software Reliability, ANSI/AIAA R-013-1992, can be ordered from:
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
370 L'Enfant Promenade, SW
Washington, DC 20024
Contact Mr. Robert Vienneau of the DACS with any questions regarding the AIAA Software Reliability Database.
